Bæredygtig projektledelse – er det et varm-luft-begreb, eller kan det få substans?
– Artikel af Annette Vendelbo
Agil ekspert, forfatter og podcaster
annette@agilagenda.com
Begrebet bæredygtighed bruges efterhånden i enhver sammenhæng. Også i projektledelse. Men hvad betyder det egentlig, og hvordan får vi gjort bæredygtighed til andet end velmenende varm luft og gør det til noget meningsfuldt i vores projektvirkelighed?
Lad os se på, hvad bæredygtig projektledelse egentlig er. Der er (endnu) ikke nogen vedtagen norm for det, men her er min definition.
“Bæredygtighed i projektledelse betyder, at man som projektleder beskytter sit team mod at blive overbebyrdet, ved at skabe balance mellem kapaciteten og kompetencerne i teamet og den efterspørgsel, der er efter disse”.
Lad os se på, hvad bæredygtig projektledelse egentlig er. Der er (endnu) ikke nogen vedtagen norm for det, men her er min definition. Hvilke vaner skal ændres?
Denne type bæredygtighed burde være normen, uanset metodevalg. Det er bare nemmere sagt end gjort, når ambitionerne skal gøres til virkelighed.
Vi er nemlig oppe imod indgroede vaner, der skal ændres, før det kan ske.
Her får du 3 eksempler:
1. Ledelseskulturen, herunder push versus pull (skub versus træk)
2. Modenheden og arbejdsdisciplinen i (projekt)teams
3. Troen på, at utilization er en brugbar målestok
1. Ledelseskulturen, herunder push versus pull
I alle de organisationer, jeg har haft berøring med, har ledelsen startet flere projekter/initiativer, end organisationen havde båndbredden eller kompetencerne til at gennemføre. Konsekvensen har været forsinkede leverancer, småsure kunder og frustrerede og flade medarbejdere.
Ofte udstikker (”pusher”) man deadlines, som er baseret på ønsketænkning eller mavefornemmelser. Der er en ubegrundet ”hvor svært kan det være”
tilgang, og det skal jo gå galt. Sidder man med sit Excel-ark og siger: ”30% til projekt A, 25% til projekt B, 45% til det nye ”strategiske” projekt C”, ser det måske meget tilforladeligt ud, men virkeligheden er ikke et Excel-ark. Det man i virkeligheden gør, er at ”skubbe” nye opgaver til sin allerede ophængte organisation.
Det rationelle ville være, at vente til noget igangværende er færdigt. Derefter kan organisationen ”trække” nye opgaver, når der er ledig kapacitet. Bruger man pull-princippet, undgår man ineffektiv task-switching og reducerer det uundgåelige overhead, det medfører, men altid glemmes i Excel-arkene. Man reducerer samtidig mængden af forsinkede projekter og ikke mindst stressniveauet i organisationen.
2. Modenheden og arbejdsdisciplinen i organisationen/projektteams
Hvis bæredygtig projektledelse skal fremmes, kommer meget an på ledelsen vilje til det. Men ikke alt kan lægges over på ledelsen.
De fleste projektteams styrer meget i deres hverdag og den måde, de arbejder på.
Intet er mere motiverende end at arbejde i et ”high-performance team”. Det er det team, som mange snakker om, men kun få har set. Disse teams arbejder struktureret, men med høj disciplin og høj transparens. Som projektleder ved man altid, hvor man står. Alt sker som aftalt, og “man kan stole på de data, der ligger i systemerne”.
Er der transparens, kan man se, hvor der er ubalancer, og hvem der måtte være overbebyrdede og skal aflastes.
Denne transparens findes langt fra altid. At skabe transparens kræver disciplin, og ikke alle projektteams er lige disciplinerede. Manglende disciplin stikker kæppe i hjulet på bæredygtigheden.
Første skridt er derfor at facilitere, at teamet bliver mere disciplineret og lærer at sige nej til uplanlagte opgaver, der ofte kører under radaren, men tager kapacitet. Alle har ansvar for at skabe den transparens, der giver velovervejet beslutningstagning på et oplyst grundlag.
3. Troen på, at utilization er en brugbar målestok.
Begrebet ”utilization” har i årtier været brugt som målestok for, om folk var effektive.
Intet kan, være mere forkert. Den eneste målestok, der bør være interessant, er om folk effektivt leverer noget, der kan bruges.
Hvad betyder det, at folk sidder travlt optaget ved deres skrivebord, hvis de kun sjældent får gjort noget færdigt?
På billedet til venstre er vejene 100% udnyttet (utilized), men alt står stille.
På det højre billede er vejene ikke fuldt udnyttet, men bilerne kommer uhindret frem. Der er ingen køer, men ubrudt flow. Hvor vil du helst køre?
Samme tankegang bør bruges ved videnarbejde, men kun få gør det. De fleste er optaget af, om medarbejdernes tid er fuldt udnyttet. Det giver en følelse af tilfredshed at se, at alle har tiden fuldt besat, det giver bare ingen garanti for, at de producerer værdi.
Hvis man måler travlhed, får man travle medarbejdere, men ikke nødvendigvis flow og værdiskabelse. Man ved, at 100% ressourceudnyttelse er uproduktivt, fordi manøvrerummet forsvinder. Derfor burde det logiske skridt være at droppe denne ligegyldige målestok, og i stedet måle flow og værdiskabelse.
Bæredygtig projektledelse går i denne sammenhæng ud på at bruge sine ressourcer optimalt, samtidig med at presset lettes og der produceres mere. Denne ambition støder desværre mod den nærmest dogmatiske tilgang til utilization. Vanens magt er stor, men dem der bryder den, får hurtigt konkrete resultater.
Bæredygtighed i projektledelse er muligt, men…
Der er således mange gode grunde til at stræbe efter større bæredygtighed i projekter. Både set fra organisationens og medarbejdernes perspektiv.
Tager man denne type bæredygtighed alvorligt, vil man se, at flere projekter gennemføres hurtigere og stressniveauet daler. Der er ikke meget at betænke sig på, men viljen skal naturligvis være til stede. Både hos ledelsen og medarbejderne.
Ingen forandringer kommer af sig selv. Har I viljen til at gå efter større bæredygtighed i jeres projekter? Det betaler sig med garanti!
Ingen forandringer kommer af sig selv. Har I viljen til at gå efter større bæredygtighed i jeres projekter? Det betaler sig med garanti!
– Artikel af Annette Vendelbo
Agil ekspert, forfatter og podcaster
annette@agilagenda.com
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